CLINOPTILOLITE IS AN EFFECTIVE ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF CU(II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION. THE PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO INVESTIGATE THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF COPPER (CU2+) ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING PRE TREATED ZEOLITE. EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT USING THE BATCH METHOD AS A FUNCTION OF THE SOLUTION, SHAKING TIME AND DOSAGE OF ADSORBENT. EXPERIMENTAL DATA OBTAINED FROM BATCH EQUILIBRIUM TESTS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED BY KINETIC MODELS INCLUDING THE PSEUDO-FIRST ORDER, THE PSEUDO-SECOND ORDER USING NONLINEAR REGRESSION TECHNIQUE. THE PSEUDO-SECOND ORDER MODEL HAVE HIGHER REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS (>0.99). THE ADSORPTION PROCESS REACHED EQUILIBRIUM AFTER 120 MINUTES. THE OPTIMUM ADSORBENT DOSAGE IS 1.5 GR IN 50GR SOLUTION FOR THE INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF 200 MG/L. ...

IT IS KNOWN THAT HEAVY METAL ION CONTAMINATION REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO THE ECOSYSTEM AND ESPECIALLY TO PEOPLE DUE TO THE SEVERE TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS [1]. CONSEQUENTLY, THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIABLE METHODS FOR THE REMOVAL AND DETERMINATION OF THESE METALS IN BIOLOGICAL AND WATER SAMPLES IS OF PARTICULAR SIGNIFICANCE. SCHIFF BASES MAY BE PERSPECTIVE COMPLEXING LIGANDS FOR ION IMPRINTING PURPOSES DUE TO THEIR COMPLEXING ABILITIES TOWARDS HEAVY METALS. THEY HAVE BEEN APPLIED BOTH AS REAGENTS IN SIMPLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATIONS [2] AND AS MODIFYING AGENTS FOR VARIOUS SORBENTS [3]. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO PREPARE A NEW CU (II)-IMPRINTED FROM CU2(BHSP)2 SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX USING THE ION IMPRINTING METHOD. FOR THIS PURPOSE, A NEW SCHIFF BASE LIGAND (BHSP) WAS SYNTHESIZED BY THE REACTION OF 2-HYDROXY,5-HYDROXYMETHYL SALICYLALDEHYDE AND P-PHENYLENEDIAMIN IN METHANOL. THEN, CU2(BHSP)2 WAS OBTAINED BY USING LIGAND AND CU(II) ACETATE. IN THE ION-IMPRINTING PROCESS, CU (II) WAS COMPLEXED WITH A LIGAND (BHSP), AND THEN ANCHORED TO THE SURFACE OF MODIFIED SILICA GEL. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE TEMPLATE CU (II) IONS WERE REMOVED WITH 0.1 MOL/L HNO3 SOLUTION. THE PREPARED SORBENT WAS CHARACTERIZED BY USING X-RAY ENERGY DISPERSION SPECTROSCOPY (EDX), INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY (IR), SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) AND A PERKIN-ELMER AA-6800 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER.

In the copper extraction process by the conventional method of HL/SX/EW, some ionic impurities like ferric, ferrous and manganous ions are transferred to the electrolyte via organic phase physically and chemically. The manganous ion in EW process is oxidized on anode surface to its higher oxidation states especially MnO4- In this research it was shown that all of the organic compounds used in the SX factory of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex (including: Acorga M5640 and LIX984N extractants, Kerosene, Raysol 8401 and Raysol 8411) can be oxidized (by hydrolisation) by this ion. LIX 984N extractant damages is three times more than the Acorga M5640, so that a concentration of 5ppm of manganese in the form of MnO4- can damage LIX 984N extractant by a rate of 896 litre per day at Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex. The results also showed that in these conditions the disengagement time was doubled. It can be concluded that some preparations sould be made to avoid entancing of manganous ion to the electrolyte, or the concentration of ferrous ion must be enough to reduce the permanganate ion.

BACKGROUND: COPPER IS RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE MOST HARMFUL POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO ITS HIGH TOXICITY, NON-DEGRADABILITY AND BIOACCUMULATION. THERE ARE MANY SOURCES OF COPPER (CU (II) ION) POLLUTION WHICH ARE MOSTLY PRODUCED BY INDUSTRIES SUCH AS PETROLEUM REFINING, PAINTS AND PIGMENTS, PAPER AND PULP, STEEL-WORKS...

POLYANILINE IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED CONDUCTING POLYMERS THAT CAN BE USED IN DIFFERENT SENSOR APPLICATIONS [1, 2]. THIS STUDY WAS AIMED AT DEVELOPING CONDUCTING POLYANILINE FILM ELECTRODES LOADED WITH A COMPLEXING LIGAND, 5-SULFOSALICYLATE, FOR PRECONCENTRATION AND ELECTROANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF COPPER (II) ION. A SOLUTION OF 0.2 M 5-SULFOSALICYLATE + 0.5 M ANILINE WAS USED TO DEVELOP A LAYER OF POLYANILINE ON THE GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE. THE ELECTROREDUCTION OF COPPER INTO THE POLYANILINE LAYER WAS INVESTIGATED USING CYCLING VOLTAMMETRY AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. THE RESULTING MODIFIED ELECTRODES WERE USED FOR THE DETECTION OF COPPER (II) IONS BY MEANS OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PRECONCENTRATION-DIFFERENTIAL PULSE ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY. THE EFFECTS OF POLYANILINE THICKNESS AND PREPARATION CONDITIONS, COMPOSITION OF ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION AND PRECONCENTRATION SOLUTIONS, PH AND INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS REVEALED THAT THE PEAK CURRENT FOR ACCUMULATED COPPER SPECIES SHOWED GOOD CONCENTRATION DEPENDENCE IN THE RANGE OF 1×10-7 TO 1×10-4 M. THE DETECTION LIMIT WAS DETERMINED TO BE 1×10-8 M. THE MOST SEVERE INTERFERENTS WERE MERCURY (II) AND AG (I). THE METHOD HAS BEEN CONFIRMED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF COPPER USING SPIKED RIVER WATER. THE AVERAGE RECOVERY WAS HIGH WITH A GOOD %RSD.